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SpringBoot自定义starter实例代码

2019-10-21 18:40:50
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一、简介

SpringBoot 最强大的功能就是把我们常用的场景抽取成了一个个starter(场景启动器),我们通过引入SpringBoot 为我提供的这些场景启动器,我们再进行少量的配置就能使用相应的功能。即使是这样,SpringBoot也不能囊括我们所有的使用场景,往往我们需要自定义starter,来简化我们对SpringBoot的使用。

下面话不多说了,来一起看看详细的介绍吧

二、如何自定义starter

1.实例

如何编写自动配置 ?

我们参照@WebMvcAutoConfiguration为例,我们看看需要准备哪些东西,下面是WebMvcAutoConfiguration的部分代码:

@Configuration@ConditionalOnWebApplication@ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class})@ConditionalOnMissingBean({WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class})@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483638)@AutoConfigureAfter({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class})public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {	@Import({WebMvcAutoConfiguration.EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class}) @EnableConfigurationProperties({WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class}) public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { @Bean @ConditionalOnBean({View.class}) @ConditionalOnMissingBean public BeanNameViewResolver beanNameViewResolver() {  BeanNameViewResolver resolver = new BeanNameViewResolver();  resolver.setOrder(2147483637);  return resolver; } }}

我们可以抽取到我们自定义starter时,同样需要的一些配置。

@Configuration //指定这个类是一个配置类@ConditionalOnXXX //指定条件成立的情况下自动配置类生效@AutoConfigureOrder //指定自动配置类的顺序@Bean //向容器中添加组件@ConfigurationProperties //结合相关xxxProperties来绑定相关的配置@EnableConfigurationProperties //让xxxProperties生效加入到容器中自动配置类要能加载需要将自动配置类,配置在META-INF/spring.factories中org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=/org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,/org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,/

模式

我们参照 spring-boot-starter 我们发现其中没有代码:

SpringBoot,starter,代码

我们在看它的pom中的依赖中有个 springboot-starter

<dependency>	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId></dependency>

我们再看看 spring-boot-starter 有个 spring-boot-autoconfigure

<dependency>	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>	<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId></dependency>

关于web的一些自动配置都写在了这里 ,所以我们有以下总结:

启动器starter只是用来做依赖管理
需要专门写一个类似spring-boot-autoconfigure的配置模块
用的时候只需要引入启动器starter,就可以使用自动配置了

命名规范

官方命名空间

  • 前缀:spring-boot-starter-
  • 模式:spring-boot-starter-模块名
  • 举例:spring-boot-starter-web、spring-boot-starter-jdbc

自定义命名空间

  • 后缀:-spring-boot-starter
  • 模式:模块-spring-boot-starter
  • 举例:mybatis-spring-boot-starter

三、自定义starter实例

我们需要先创建两个工程 hello-spring-boot-starter 和 hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer

1. hello-spring-boot-starter

1.pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>	<groupId>com.gf</groupId>	<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>	<packaging>jar</packaging>	<name>hello-spring-boot-starter</name>	<!-- 启动器 -->	<dependencies>		<!-- 引入自动配置模块 -->		<dependency>			<groupId>com.gf</groupId>			<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId>			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>		</dependency>	</dependencies></project>

同时删除 启动类、resources下的文件,test文件。

2. hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer

1. pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>	<groupId>com.gf</groupId>	<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</artifactId>	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>	<packaging>jar</packaging>	<name>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer</name>	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>	<parent>		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>		<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->	</parent>	<properties>		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>		<java.version>1.8</java.version>	</properties>	<dependencies>		<!-- 引入spring-boot-starter,所有starter的基本配合 -->		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>		</dependency>	</dependencies></project>

2. HelloProperties

package com.gf.service;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "gf.hello")public class HelloProperties { private String prefix; private String suffix; public String getPrefix() {  return prefix; } public void setPrefix(String prefix) {  this.prefix = prefix; } public String getSuffix() {  return suffix; } public void setSuffix(String suffix) {  this.suffix = suffix; }}

3. HelloService

package com.gf.service;public class HelloService { HelloProperties helloProperties; public HelloProperties getHelloProperties() {  return helloProperties; } public void setHelloProperties(HelloProperties helloProperties) {  this.helloProperties = helloProperties; } public String sayHello(String name ) {  return helloProperties.getPrefix()+ "-" + name + helloProperties.getSuffix(); }}

4. HelloServiceAutoConfiguration

package com.gf.service;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnWebApplication;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration@ConditionalOnWebApplication //web应该生效@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration { @Autowired HelloProperties helloProperties; @Bean public HelloService helloService() {  HelloService service = new HelloService();  service.setHelloProperties( helloProperties );  return service; }}

5. spring.factories

在 resources 下创建文件夹 META-INF 并在 META-INF 下创建文件 spring.factories ,内容如下:

# Auto Configureorg.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=/com.gf.service.HelloServiceAutoConfiguration

到这儿,我们的配置自定义的starter就写完了 ,我们把 hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigurer、hello-spring-boot-starter 安装成本地jar包。

三、测试自定义starter

我们创建个项目 hello-spring-boot-starter-test,来测试系我们写的stater。

1. pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>	<groupId>com.gf</groupId>	<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>	<packaging>jar</packaging>	<name>hello-spring-boot-starter-test</name>	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>	<parent>		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>		<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->	</parent>	<properties>		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>		<java.version>1.8</java.version>	</properties>	<dependencies>		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>		</dependency>		<!-- 引入自定义starter -->		<dependency>			<groupId>com.gf</groupId>			<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>			<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>		</dependency>		<dependency>			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>			<scope>test</scope>		</dependency>	</dependencies>	<build>		<plugins>			<plugin>				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>			</plugin>		</plugins>	</build></project>

2. HelloController

package com.gf.controller;import com.gf.service.HelloService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestControllerpublic class HelloController { @Autowired HelloService helloService; @GetMapping("/hello/{name}") public String hello(@PathVariable(value = "name") String name) {  return helloService.sayHello( name + " , " ); }}

3. application.properties

gf.hello.prefix = higf.hello.suffix = what's up man ?

我运行项目访问 http://127.0.0.1:8080/hello/zhangsan,结果如下:

hi-zhangsan , what's up man ? 

源码下载: https://github.com/gf-huanchupk/SpringBootLearning

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,谢谢大家对CuoXin错新网的支持。


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